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For example, during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, an Android app called CovidLock was developed to monitor heat map visuals and statistics on COVID-19 ( Saeed, 2020). There has been a surge in ransomware attacks in the past few years. This ransom typically uses cryptocurrency like Bitcoin, which makes it difficult to track the recipient of the transaction and is ideal for attackers to evade law enforcement agencies ( Kara, Aydos, 2020, Karapapas, Pittaras, Fotiou, Polyzos, 2020). Ransomware is a type of malware designed to facilitate different nefarious activities, such as preventing access to personal data unless a ransom is paid ( Khammas, 2020, Komatwar, Kokare, 2020, Meland, Bayoumy, Sindre, 2020). The number of ransomware attacks has grown exponentially thanks to easily obtainable ransomware toolkits and ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) that allows novices to launch ransomware attacks ( Sharmeen et al., 2020). The following industries were particularly targeted: transportation, healthcare, financial services, and government ( Alshaikh et al., 2020). Targets shifted from individuals to companies and organizations in order to fetch larger ransoms ( Muslim et al., 2019). Modern ransomware emerged around 2005 and quickly became a viable business strategy for attackers ( Richardson, North, 2017, Wilner, Jeffery, Lalor, Matthews, Robinson, Rosolska, Yorgoro, 2019).
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In the 1990s and early 2000s, ransomware attacks were mostly carried out by hobbyist hackers who aimed to gain notoriety through cyber pranks and vandalism ( Srinivasan, 2017).
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After the target computer was restarted 90 times, PC Cyborg hid directories and encrypted the names of all files on the C drive, rendering the system unusable. The first ransomware sample dates back to 1989 with the PC Cyborg Trojan ( Tailor and Patel, 2017). Higher levels of unemployment can be another factor that motivates people towards cybercrime, such as launching ransomware attacks and disrupting critical IT services, in order to support themselves ( Lallie et al., 2020).Ĭyber extortion methods have existed since the 1980s. Attackers made good use of fake COVID-19 related information as a hook to launch more successful phishing campaigns. For example, many phishing campaigns prompted users to click on specific links to get sensitive information related to a COVID-19 vaccine, shortage of surgical masks, etc. As the workplace paradigm shifted to home-based scenarios-resulting in weaker security controls-attackers lured people through COVID-19 themed ransomware phishing emails. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the rate of cyberattacks.
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